An interactive visualization of up to 1.2 million years of global temperature — from deep Pleistocene ice ages through the narrow climatic window that made civilization possible, to the diverging futures ahead of us.
The Corridor of Life
For most of human existence, Earth's climate has swung violently between extremes — ice ages that buried continents under kilometers of glaciers, and brief warm intervals between them. Then, around 11,700 years ago, something remarkable happened: the climate stabilized. Global temperatures settled into a narrow band of roughly −1°C to +1.5°C relative to preindustrial levels (1850–1900). This corridor of stability is the only climate our species has ever built anything in — agriculture, cities, writing, science, everything we call civilization.
The Safe and Just Climate Space (−1°C to +1°C) represents the core of this corridor, where ecosystems and societies can thrive. The Safe but Unjust zone (+1°C to +1.5°C) marks a range where global-scale risks remain manageable but impacts are already severe for the most vulnerable populations and ecosystems.
We are now leaving this corridor. As of 2025, global mean temperature has risen approximately +1.4°C above preindustrial levels.
How to navigate
- Zoom — scroll wheel, pinch, or the +/− buttons
- Pan — click-drag or touch-drag
- Hover a point on the timeline to see temperature data for that year
- Click any point to open a detail panel with full data
- Search — type any keyword to find historical events, figures, and periods from the Holocene Interactive database
- Surprise Me! — discover a random event, figure, or historical period
What you see
- Temperature anomaly
- All temperatures are shown as anomalies — the difference in degrees Celsius (°C) from the preindustrial baseline (mean global surface temperature during 1850–1900). A value of +1.0°C means the planet is 1 degree warmer than that reference period. This is the standard used by the IPCC.
- Warming stripes
- In Stripes mode, each vertical bar represents a time period, colored from blue (cold) through green (near baseline) to red (warm). Inspired by climate scientist Ed Hawkins' warming stripes.
- Temperature curve
- In Curve mode, a continuous line traces temperature through time, drawn over colored bands that indicate the same temperature-to-color mapping. This mode better reveals the magnitude and pace of temperature changes.
- Corridor zones
- Two horizontal bands mark the safe climate space. The inner zone (−1°C to +1°C, solid green line) is the "Safe and Just Climate Space" per the Earth Commission (2023). The outer zone (+1°C to +1.5°C, dashed line) marks the "Safe but Unjust" threshold from the IPCC Special Report on 1.5°C.
- "Choose Your Future" fan
- Beyond the present year, the timeline splits into diverging bands representing different temperature futures. You can switch between two very different ways of thinking about what comes next:
- Pathways (default) — Climate Action Tracker projections based on what governments are actually doing right now: enacted laws, stated targets, and net-zero pledges. This answers: "Where are we really headed?"
- SSP — Shared Socioeconomic Pathways from the IPCC. Abstract, model-driven scenarios that explore “what if” worlds with different levels of global cooperation. This answers: "What could happen under very different futures?"
Each band is colored by its projected temperature. The future is not a single trajectory; it is a choice.
Controls
- Stripes / Curve
- Toggle between warming stripes and temperature curve visualization modes.
- Adaptive / Linear
- Adaptive uses a piecewise time scale that gives more visual space to recent centuries while still showing deep time. Zigzag break marks on the axis indicate where the scale changes density. Linear shows all years at equal width — use it to see the true scale of deep time, where modern civilization is a sliver.
- Theme (Moon / Sun icons)
- Switch theme. Dark theme is optimized for the warming stripes palette; light theme is useful for presentations and readability.
- 500 ka / 1.2 Ma
- Switch between two data profiles. 500 ka shows the last 500,000 years using EPICA ice cores + HadCRUT5 instrumental data. 1.2 Ma uses the extended dataset from Ripple et al. (2025), stitching together Clark et al., Osman et al., and Trewin et al., with SSP projections extended to 2300.
- Details
- Show named geological and historical periods (glaciations, interglacials, key eras) as labels on the timeline.
- Corridor
- Show or hide the "Corridor of Life" and "Safe but Unjust" zone labels on the canvas.
- Generations
- Overlay Western world generational spans (Baby Boomers, Gen X, Millennials, Gen Z, Gen Alpha) on the modern era. Zooms into the 1880–present view.
- Birth year
- Enter your birth year to see your lifetime highlighted on the timeline — in the context of 500,000 years of climate history. Check “80 yr” to project an 80-year lifespan into future climate scenarios.
- SSP / Pathways
- Switch between two types of future climate projections.
Pathways (default) — Climate Action Tracker (CAT) policy-based temperature projections, updated November 2025 (COP30). Unlike abstract models, these are grounded in what governments have actually legislated, pledged, and committed to. Four scenarios:
• Policies & action — Where current enacted policies lead, without additional action. This is the most likely outcome if no new policies are adopted. Warming: 2.5–2.9°C by 2100.
• 2030 & 2035 targets — If countries meet their near-term NDC (Nationally Determined Contribution) targets. These are the promises made at the UN climate talks. Warming: ~2.6°C.
• Pledges & targets (dashed) — Full implementation of all pledges including long-term strategies and conditional commitments. This is the best case under current political ambition. Warming: 2.0–2.2°C.
• Optimistic (net-zero) (dashed) — If all announced net-zero pledges are met in full and on time. Most ambitious realistic scenario. Warming: ~1.9°C.
SSP — IPCC Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. These are abstract “what if” scenarios used in climate modeling. They explore a wide range of possible futures — from aggressive mitigation to unchecked emissions — without tying to specific real-world policies. Useful for understanding the full range of possibility, but less grounded in current political reality.
Key terms
- Preindustrial baseline
- The mean global surface temperature during 1850–1900, used as the reference point for all temperature anomalies. This is the standard adopted by the IPCC in its Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C and the Paris Agreement.
- Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs)
- Model-driven climate scenarios developed for the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report. Unlike the policy-based Pathways, SSPs explore hypothetical worlds that differ in demographics, economics, and technology. They are not predictions — they are “what if” stories that bracket the range of possibility. Select SSP in the toggle to view these. This visualization includes:
• SSP1-2.6 — Sustainable development, strong mitigation, net-zero by mid-century. Warming likely stays below +2°C.
• SSP2-4.5 — "Middle of the road" — intermediate pathway, moderate mitigation efforts.
• SSP3-7.0 (500 ka mode) / SSP5-8.5 (1.2 Ma mode) — High emissions pathways with limited mitigation, representing worst-case trajectories.
- Pleistocene
- The geological epoch spanning ~2.6 million to ~11,700 years ago, characterized by repeated glacial-interglacial cycles. The visualization shows the most recent 500,000 years (or 1.2 million in extended mode) of this epoch.
- Holocene
- The current geological epoch, beginning ~11,700 years ago. The remarkably stable, warm interglacial period during which all human civilizations arose. The Corridor of Life concept is fundamentally about this stability.
Keyboard shortcuts
- + / − — Zoom in / out
- 0 — Reset zoom
- ← / → — Pan left / right
- Esc — Close panels, clear search
Data sources
- Default mode (500 ka)
- Deep time: Jouzel et al. / EPICA Dome C ice core composite, 1,000-year averages, converted from years BP to CE. Supplemented by higher-resolution EPICA data for the last 25,000 years.
Instrumental: HadCRUT5 v5.1.0.0 (Morice et al. 2021), global mean surface temperature, 1850–2025. Baseline: 1850–1900 mean.
Projections: SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0 from IPCC AR6 WG1 (2015–2099).
- Extended mode (1.2 Ma)
- Deep time: Clark et al. (2024), “Global and regional temperature change over the past 4.5 million years”, Science 386, eadi1908. GMST reconstruction with area-weighted global mean, converted from 0–5 ka baseline to 1850–1900 baseline.
Holocene: Osman et al. (2021), Last Glacial Maximum Reanalysis (LGMR), 200-year resolution, −22,000 to 1850 CE.
Instrumental: Trewin et al. (2022), consolidated global mean surface temperature, 1850–2020.
Projections: MAGICC v7.5.0 (Nicholls et al. 2020), SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP5-8.5 (2015–2300). Percentiles (5th/50th/95th) from 600 ensemble members.
- Historical events
- Search and "Surprise Me!" draw from a curated database of 865 events, 238 historical figures, and 173 multi-year spans, shared with the Holocene Interactive timeline.
- Corridor boundaries
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Safe and Just Climate Space: Rockström et al. / Earth Commission (2023), “Safe and just Earth system boundaries”, Nature 619, 102–111.
1.5°C threshold: IPCC SR1.5 (2018), Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C.
- Climate Action Tracker pathways
- Climate Action Tracker (CAT), an independent scientific project by Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute. Since 2009, CAT has tracked government climate action against the Paris Agreement goals. The November 2025 (COP30) update provides global mean temperature projections for four policy-based scenarios. Original decadal data (1990–2100) interpolated to annual resolution using monotone cubic Hermite interpolation (Fritsch-Carlson). Bridge point at 2025 = +1.41°C from HadCRUT5. See CAT methodology for full details.
Suggested citation
GLOBAÏA (2026). The Corridor of Life — Up to 1.2 Million Years of Climate [Interactive visualization]. Available at: globaia.org/corridor-of-life
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